{"product_id":"glutammina-pura-100-300g-bigman-nutrition","title":"Pure L-Glutamine 100% Kiowa 300g Bigman","description":"\u003ch1\u003ePure L-Glutamine 100% Kiowa 300g Bigman\u003c\/h1\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePure L-Glutamine 100% Kiowa 300g Bigman\u003c\/strong\u003e falls into the category \u003cstrong\u003esupplements\u003c\/strong\u003e and is designed for those looking for practical and targeted support based on their performance, recovery or well-being goals.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003e🎯 Who is it useful for?\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ethose who want to support performance, recovery or well-being\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ethose looking for practical and targeted integration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ethose who want to include the product in a structured routine\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003e🔥 Main benefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003esupport the specific objective of the product\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003epracticality of use in the daily routine\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003euseful in combination with adequate nutrition and training\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"flex flex-col text-sm pb-25\"\u003e\n\u003carticle class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"712714bc-5960-4a90-adc8-d3f9c60cd494\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-248\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"631913ae-a6d2-4698-b043-b85ac773cfef\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-source-line=\"11-11\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlutamine What You Need: The Essential Amino Acid for Muscle Recovery and Growth\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"13-13\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlutamine Pure 100%\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eby Bigman Nutrition is a supplement of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100% pure L-Glutamine\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith certification\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKiowa®\u003c\/strong\u003e, the highest quality Japanese raw material obtained through bacterial fermentation. If you wonder\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\"what is glutamine for\"\u003c\/strong\u003e, the answer is simple: it is the most abundant amino acid in the human body, fundamental for muscle recovery, immune system, intestinal health and lean mass growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"15-15\"\u003eThis one\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eglutamine what is it for\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor athletes, bodybuilders and athletes who want to maximize post-workout recovery, reduce muscle catabolism, boost the immune system and improve protein synthesis. With\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e300g of easily soluble micronized powder\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(60 portions of 5g), it is the ideal choice for those looking for certified quality at an affordable price.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-source-line=\"17-17\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-source-line=\"19-19\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is Glutamine and How It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"21-21\"\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Glutamine\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eit's a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econditionally essential amino acid\u003c\/strong\u003e, which means that under normal conditions the body is able to produce it autonomously (liver, muscles, lungs), but during periods of intense physical stress, heavy training, illness or restrictive diets, demand exceeds endogenous production and supplementation becomes necessary.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"glutammina-cosa-serve-nel-corpo-umano%3A\" data-source-line=\"23-23\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlutamine What is needed in the Human Body:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4 id=\"1.-recupero-muscolare-post-allenamento\" data-source-line=\"25-25\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Post-Workout Muscle Recovery\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"26-30\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"26-26\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRebuilding glycogen reserves\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003emuscular\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"27-27\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReduction of muscle damage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(DOMS - post-workout pain)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"28-28\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAcceleration of tissue repair\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edamaged by exercise\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"29-30\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePositive nitrogen balance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor anabolism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 id=\"2.-effetto-anticatabolico\" data-source-line=\"31-31\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Anti-catabolic effect\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"32-36\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"32-32\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBlocks protein degradation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003emuscle during low-calorie diets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"33-33\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePreserve lean mass\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein a calorie deficit\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"34-34\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReduces cortisol\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(catabolic stress hormone)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"35-36\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProtects muscles\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eduring intense or prolonged workouts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 id=\"3.-volumizzazione-cellulare-(cell-volumization)\" data-source-line=\"37-37\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Cell Volumization\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"38-42\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"38-38\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIntracellular hydration\u003c\/strong\u003e: Glutamine draws water into muscle cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"39-39\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIncreased muscle volume\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003etemporary but functional\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"40-40\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImproved protein synthesis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ethanks to \"swollen\" cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"41-42\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePump effect\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eprolonged\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 id=\"4.-sistema-immunitario-potenziato\" data-source-line=\"43-43\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Enhanced Immune System\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"44-48\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"44-44\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFuel for immune cells\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"45-45\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReduction of infections\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein athletes subjected to overtraining\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"46-46\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrevention of immunosuppression\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efrom intense training\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"47-48\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSupport in times of stress\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ephysical\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 id=\"5.-salute-intestinale-(gut-health)\" data-source-line=\"49-49\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Intestinal Health (Gut Health)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"50-54\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"50-50\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMain energy source\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor enterocytes (intestinal cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"51-51\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRepairs intestinal permeability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(leaky gut)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"52-52\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSupports microbiota\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eintestinal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"53-54\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReduces inflammation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eintestinal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 id=\"6.-detossificazione-epatica\" data-source-line=\"55-55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Liver detoxification\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"56-59\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"56-56\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSupports liver function\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein ammonia detoxification\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"57-57\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUrea cycle\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eoptimized\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"58-59\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eElimination of metabolic waste\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor training\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-source-line=\"60-60\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-source-line=\"62-62\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIngredients and Composition\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"ingrediente-principale%3A-l-glutammina-kiowa%C2%AE-100%25\" data-source-line=\"64-64\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMain Ingredient: L-Glutamine Kiowa® 100%\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"66-66\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKiowa®\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis the world's leading brand for high-quality glutamine, produced in Japan through\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebacterial fermentation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(not of animal origin, suitable for vegans).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4 id=\"caratteristiche-kiowa%C2%AE-l-glutammina%3A\" data-source-line=\"68-68\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKiowa® L-Glutamine Features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"69-75\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"69-69\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003e99.5% pure L-Glutamine\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"70-70\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin\u003c\/strong\u003e: bacterial fermentation (not synthetic, not from protein hydrolysis)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"71-71\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCertifications\u003c\/strong\u003e: GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice), Halal, Kosher\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"72-72\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicronization\u003c\/strong\u003e: ultra-fine particles for maximum solubility\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"73-73\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eForm\u003c\/strong\u003e: L-Glutamine (left-handed form, biologically active)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"74-75\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduction\u003c\/strong\u003e: Japan (higher quality standards)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"composizione-per-dose-(5g)%3A\" data-source-line=\"76-76\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComposition per Serving (5g):\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"77-78\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"77-78\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eL-Glutamine Kiowa®\u003c\/strong\u003e: 5000mg (5g) = 100% of the ingredient\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"79-79\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eZero Additives:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"80-85\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"80-80\"\u003e✅ Without flavourings\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"81-81\"\u003e✅ Without sweeteners\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"82-82\"\u003e✅ Without dyes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"83-83\"\u003e✅ Without excipients\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"84-85\"\u003e✅ 100% pure glutamine\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"allergeni%3A\" data-source-line=\"86-86\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAllergens:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"87-87\"\u003e⚠️\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMay contain traces of\u003c\/strong\u003e: milk, soy, gluten (cross-contamination in the factory)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-source-line=\"89-89\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-source-line=\"91-91\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNutritional Values\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"per-dose-(5g-di-polvere)%3A\" data-source-line=\"93-93\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePer dose (5g of powder):\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"table-container\"\u003e\n\u003ctable data-source-line=\"94-101\" class=\"table-scroll-init\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-source-line=\"94-94\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-source-line=\"94-94\"\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eNutritious\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eFor 5g\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePer 100g\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-source-line=\"96-101\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-source-line=\"96-96\"\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnergy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20 kcal\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e400 kcal\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-source-line=\"97-97\"\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProteins\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e100g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-source-line=\"98-98\"\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCarbohydrates\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-source-line=\"99-99\"\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFats\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-source-line=\"100-100\"\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSalt\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c0.01g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c0.2g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-source-line=\"101-101\"\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Glutamine\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5000mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e100,000mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"contenuto-confezione%3A\" data-source-line=\"103-103\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePackage Contents:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"104-107\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"104-104\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat\u003c\/strong\u003e: 300 grams of powder\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"105-105\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePortions\u003c\/strong\u003e: 60 doses of 5g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"106-107\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDuration\u003c\/strong\u003e: 2 months (1 dose\/day) or 1 month (2 doses\/day)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-source-line=\"108-108\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-source-line=\"110-110\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlutamine What You Need: Scientifically Proven Benefits\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%F0%9F%92%AA-recupero-muscolare-accelerato\" data-source-line=\"112-112\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e💪 Accelerated Muscle Recovery\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"113-113\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlutamine what is it for\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eto reduce recovery times:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"114-118\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"114-114\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e-30-40% DOMS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(delayed muscle pain) within 24-48h\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"115-115\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e-25-35% cooldown\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebetween intensive sessions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"116-116\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRestoration of glycogen reserves\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efaster muscle building (with carbohydrates)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"117-118\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTissue regeneration\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edamaged by exercise\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"119-119\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy\u003c\/strong\u003e: Legault et al., 2015 -\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eNutrients\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"120-121\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"120-121\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResult\u003c\/strong\u003e: glutamine supplementation (0.3g\/kg) reduces\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emuscle pain by 33%\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ee\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eimproves strength recovery\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eafter eccentric exercise\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%F0%9F%9B%A1%EF%B8%8F-protezione-massa-muscolare-(anticatabolico)\" data-source-line=\"122-122\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🛡️ Muscle mass protection (anti-catabolic)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"123-123\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlutamine what is it for\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eduring low-calorie diets:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"124-128\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"124-124\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e-20-35% protein degradation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003emuscular\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"125-125\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePreserve lean mass\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein a calorie deficit (cutting\/definition)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"126-126\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReduces cortisol\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003epost-workout (catabolic hormone)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"127-128\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePositive nitrogen balance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003emaintained\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"129-129\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy\u003c\/strong\u003e: Candow et al., 2001 -\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eNutrition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"130-131\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"130-131\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResult\u003c\/strong\u003e: glutamine + creatine preserve\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003elean mass\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebetter than placebo during calorie restriction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%F0%9F%92%A7-volumizzazione-cellulare-(cell-swelling)\" data-source-line=\"132-132\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e💧 Cellular Volumization (Cell Swelling)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"133-133\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlutamine what is it for\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eby muscle volume:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"134-138\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"134-134\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e+5-10% cellular hydration\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(intracellular water)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"135-135\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e\"Swollen\" muscle cells\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= anabolic signal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"136-136\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e+15-20% protein synthesis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003einduced by cell swelling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"137-138\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePump effect\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eimproved and prolonged\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"139-139\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMechanism\u003c\/strong\u003e: glutamine osmotically attracts water into muscle cells, increasing their volume. This cellular swelling is interpreted by the body as an anabolic signal, stimulating protein synthesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%F0%9F%A6%A0-sistema-immunitario-potenziato\" data-source-line=\"141-141\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🦠 Enhanced Immune System\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"142-142\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlutamine what is it for\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor immunity:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"143-147\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"143-143\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e-40-60% respiratory infections\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein endurance athletes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"144-144\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrimary fuel\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"145-145\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrevention of immunosuppression\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efrom overtraining\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"146-147\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSupport in stressful times\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(competitions, intense training)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"148-148\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy\u003c\/strong\u003e: Castell et al., 1996 -\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"149-150\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"149-150\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResult\u003c\/strong\u003e: athletes taking glutamine (5g post-exercise) have\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eonly 19% of infections\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003evs\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e51% in the placebo group\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%F0%9F%8D%BD%EF%B8%8F-salute-intestinale-(gut-health)\" data-source-line=\"151-151\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🍽️ Intestinal Health (Gut Health)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"152-152\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlutamine what is it for\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor intestine:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"153-157\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"153-153\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMain energy source\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(\u003e50%) for enterocytes (intestinal cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"154-154\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRepairs intestinal permeability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(leaky gut syndrome)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"155-155\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReduces inflammation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eintestinal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"156-157\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSupports intestinal barrier\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eagainst toxins and pathogens\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"158-158\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy\u003c\/strong\u003e: van der Hulst et al., 1993 -\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eLancet\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"159-160\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"159-160\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResult\u003c\/strong\u003e: glutamine maintains\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eintestinal mucosal integrity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein critically ill and post-operative patients\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%F0%9F%A7%A0-funzione-cognitiva-e-neurotrasmettitori\" data-source-line=\"161-161\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🧠 Cognitive Function and Neurotransmitters\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"162-162\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlutamine what is it for\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor brain:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"163-167\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"163-163\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGlutamate precursor\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(main excitatory neurotransmitter)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"164-164\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGABA precursor\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(inhibitory neurotransmitter, calm)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"165-165\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExcitation\/inhibition balance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecerebral\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"166-167\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFocus support\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand concentration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%F0%9F%94%A5-metabolismo-e-composizione-corporea\" data-source-line=\"168-168\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🔥 Metabolism and Body Composition\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"169-169\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlutamine what is it for\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor metabolism:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"170-174\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"170-170\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e+3-7% basal metabolism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(some studies)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"171-171\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSupport gluconeogenesis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(glucose production from amino acids) in fasting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"172-172\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReduction in sugar cravings\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(some users report)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"173-174\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePreserve lean mass\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= high metabolism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-source-line=\"175-175\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-source-line=\"177-177\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow and When to Take Glutamine\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"dosaggio-consigliato%3A\" data-source-line=\"179-179\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended Dosage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"180-180\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5-10g per day\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edivided into 1-2 doses\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"182-185\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"182-182\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBasic dose\u003c\/strong\u003e: 5g (1 scoop) per day\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"183-183\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOptimal dose\u003c\/strong\u003e: 10g (2 scoops) per day for intense athletes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"184-185\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMaximum dose\u003c\/strong\u003e: up to 20-30g\/day for short periods (overtraining, competitions, injury recovery)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"come-preparare%3A\" data-source-line=\"186-186\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow to Prepare:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col data-source-line=\"187-191\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"187-187\"\u003ePour\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5g of powder\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(1 scoop included) in a shaker\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"188-188\"\u003eAdd\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e200-250ml of water\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(room temperature or cold)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"189-189\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eShake well\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor 10-15 seconds until completely dissolved\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"190-191\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrink immediately\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"192-192\"\u003e💡\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTyp\u003c\/strong\u003e: pure glutamine is\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etasteless\/slightly bitter\u003c\/strong\u003e. You can mix it with juice, isotonic drinks or protein shakers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"timing-ottimale%3A\" data-source-line=\"194-194\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptimal Timing:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4 id=\"%F0%9F%8F%8B%EF%B8%8F-post-workout-(priorit%C3%A0-%231)\" data-source-line=\"196-196\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🏋️ POST-WORKOUT (Priority #1)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"197-205\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"197-197\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eQuando\u003c\/strong\u003e: within 30-60 minutes of finishing your workout\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"198-198\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDose\u003c\/strong\u003e: 5-10g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"199-203\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWhy\u003c\/strong\u003e:\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"200-203\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"200-200\"\u003ePlasma glutamine levels drop by 20-40% after intense training\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"201-201\"\u003eMaximum cellular receptivity to nutrients\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"202-202\"\u003eBlocks immediate catabolism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"203-203\"\u003eRestores muscle reserves\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"204-205\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWith\u003c\/strong\u003e: high GI carbohydrates (30-50g) + whey proteins (20-30g) for synergy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 id=\"%F0%9F%8C%85-al-risveglio-%2F-colazione\" data-source-line=\"206-206\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🌅 WAKE UP \/ BREAKFAST\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"207-214\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"207-207\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eQuando\u003c\/strong\u003e: as soon as you wake up on an empty stomach or with breakfast\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"208-208\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDose\u003c\/strong\u003e: 5g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"209-212\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWhy\u003c\/strong\u003e:\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"210-212\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"210-210\"\u003eLow glutamine levels after overnight fasting (8h)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"211-211\"\u003eStops nocturnal catabolism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"212-212\"\u003eSupports immune system in the morning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"213-214\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWith\u003c\/strong\u003e: water or orange juice\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 id=\"%F0%9F%8C%99-pre-nanna-(per-massa-o-recupero-intenso)\" data-source-line=\"215-215\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🌙 PRE-BEDTIME (For Mass or Intense Recovery)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"216-223\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"216-216\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eQuando\u003c\/strong\u003e: 30-60 minutes before bed\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"217-217\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDose\u003c\/strong\u003e: 5-10g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"218-221\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWhy\u003c\/strong\u003e:\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"219-221\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"219-219\"\u003eGH (growth hormone) release during sleep\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"220-220\"\u003eNocturnal anti-catabolic protection (8h fasting)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"221-221\"\u003eSupport recovery and regeneration during sleep\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"222-223\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWith\u003c\/strong\u003e: water or casein (slow-release proteins)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 id=\"%F0%9F%8F%83-pre-workout-(opzionale-per-endurance)\" data-source-line=\"224-224\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🏃 PRE-WORKOUT (Optional for Endurance)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"225-232\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"225-225\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eQuando\u003c\/strong\u003e: 30-45 minutes before long workouts (\u003e90 min)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"226-226\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDose\u003c\/strong\u003e: 5g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"227-230\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWhy\u003c\/strong\u003e:\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"228-230\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"228-228\"\u003eImmune system protection during prolonged efforts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"229-229\"\u003eReduces glutamine depletion during exercise\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"230-230\"\u003eEnergy support (gluconeogenesis)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"231-232\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWith\u003c\/strong\u003e: complex carbohydrates (oats, wholemeal bread)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 id=\"%F0%9F%A5%A4-tra-i-pasti-(mantenimento)\" data-source-line=\"233-233\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🥤 BETWEEN MEALS (Maintenance)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"234-240\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"234-234\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eQuando\u003c\/strong\u003e: mid-morning or mid-afternoon\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"235-235\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDose\u003c\/strong\u003e: 5g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"236-240\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWhy\u003c\/strong\u003e:\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"237-240\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"237-237\"\u003eMaintains constant plasma levels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"238-238\"\u003eContinuous gut and immunity support\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"239-240\"\u003eReduced cravings (some users)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-source-line=\"241-241\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-source-line=\"243-243\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWho Needs Glutamine?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%E2%9C%85-ideale-per%3A\" data-source-line=\"245-245\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e✅ Ideal For:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"247-247\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🏋️ Bodybuilder and Powerlifter\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"248-252\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"248-248\"\u003eRecovery between heavy squat\/deadlift\/bench sessions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"249-249\"\u003eLean mass preservation in definition\/cutting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"250-250\"\u003eCellular volumization for pump and hypertrophy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"251-252\"\u003eDOMS reduction after intense workouts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"253-253\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e💪 CrossFit and HIIT athletes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"254-258\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"254-254\"\u003eFast recovery between high intensity WODs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"255-255\"\u003eProtection of the immune system from overtraining\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"256-256\"\u003eReduction of catabolism from metabolic workouts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"257-258\"\u003eSupport during periods of high volume\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"259-259\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🏃 Endurance Athletes (Runners, Cyclists, Swimmers)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"260-264\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"260-260\"\u003ePrevention of decreased immunity after long workouts (\u003e90 min)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"261-261\"\u003eProtection of muscle mass from prolonged aerobic activity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"262-262\"\u003eReduction of respiratory infections (common in endurance athletes)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"263-264\"\u003eRecovery support between multiple daily sessions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"265-265\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🔥 Who is in Definition\/Cutting\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"266-270\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"266-266\"\u003ePreserves lean mass in severe caloric deficit\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"267-267\"\u003eAnti-catabolic effect to protect muscles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"268-268\"\u003eVirtually zero calories (20 kcal per 5g)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"269-270\"\u003eSupport recovery despite reduced calories\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"271-271\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🤒 Athletes with Weak Immune System\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"272-276\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"272-272\"\u003ePrevention of frequent ailments (colds, flu)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"273-273\"\u003eSupport during periods of stress or season changes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"274-274\"\u003eReduction of immunosuppression from overtraining\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"275-276\"\u003eFaster recovery from illnesses\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"277-277\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🍽️ Those with intestinal problems\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"278-282\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"278-278\"\u003eIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"279-279\"\u003eIncreased intestinal permeability (leaky gut)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"280-280\"\u003eChronic intestinal inflammation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"281-282\"\u003eMicrobiota and intestinal barrier support\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"283-283\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e💼 Stressed professionals\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"284-288\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"284-284\"\u003eImmune system support in times of work stress\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"285-285\"\u003eReduction of cortisol from chronic stress\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"286-286\"\u003eImproved recovery from psychophysical stress\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"287-288\"\u003eSupport cognitive function\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"289-289\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e⏱️ Over 40 (Sarcopenia)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"290-294\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"290-290\"\u003eCounteracts age-related muscle loss\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"291-291\"\u003eSupport protein synthesis which declines with age\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"292-292\"\u003eProtection weakened immune system\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"293-294\"\u003eIntestinal health (nutrient absorption decreases)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"295-295\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🌱 Vegetarians and Vegans\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"296-300\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"296-296\"\u003eKiowa® is from\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebacterial fermentation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(not animal)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"297-297\"\u003eSuitable for vegetarians and vegans\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"298-298\"\u003eSupplements glutamine which is in short supply in plant-based diets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"299-300\"\u003eSupport recovery without animal sources\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-source-line=\"301-301\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-source-line=\"303-303\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarnings and Contraindications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%E2%9A%A0%EF%B8%8F-avvertenze-generali%3A\" data-source-line=\"305-305\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e⚠️ General Warnings:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"306-312\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"306-306\"\u003eSupplements\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ethey do not replace\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ea varied and balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"307-307\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDo not exceed\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ethe recommended daily dose (20-30g maximum)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"308-308\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eKeep out of reach of children\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eunder 3 years\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"309-309\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStore\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein a cool, dry place (15-25°C), away from light, heat and humidity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"310-310\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eClose well\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ethe container after each use\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"311-312\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBest consumed before\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e12-18 months from opening\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%F0%9F%9A%AB-controindicazioni%3A\" data-source-line=\"313-313\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🚫 Contraindications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"315-315\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNeurological Pathologies:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"316-319\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"316-316\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEpilepsy or seizures\u003c\/strong\u003e: glutamine is a precursor of glutamate (excitatory neurotransmitter), it could theoretically lower seizure threshold\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"317-317\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBipolar disorder or mania\u003c\/strong\u003e: some case reports suggest possible worsening of manic symptoms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"318-319\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSensitivity to monosodium glutamate (MSG)\u003c\/strong\u003e: possible cross-reactivity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"320-320\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLiver Diseases:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"321-324\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"321-321\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSevere liver failure\u003c\/strong\u003e: reduced ability to metabolize ammonia (glutamine converts to ammonia)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"322-322\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHepatic encephalopathy\u003c\/strong\u003e: Accumulation of ammonia in the blood can worsen mental confusion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"323-324\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAdvanced cirrhosis\u003c\/strong\u003e: consult a doctor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"325-325\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKidney Diseases:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"326-328\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"326-326\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChronic renal failure\u003c\/strong\u003e: accumulation of nitrogenous waste\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"327-328\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDialysis\u003c\/strong\u003e: consult a nephrologist before use\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"329-329\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePregnancy and Breastfeeding:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"330-333\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"330-330\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSecurity not established\u003c\/strong\u003e: there is a lack of adequate studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"331-331\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConsult gynecologist\/midwife\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebefore use\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"332-333\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrefer food sources\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(meat, fish, eggs, dairy products) during pregnancy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"334-334\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChildren and Adolescents:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"335-337\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"335-335\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUnder 12 years\u003c\/strong\u003e: only under pediatric supervision\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"336-337\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e12-18 years\u003c\/strong\u003e: only if athletes and under medical\/nutritionist supervision\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%F0%9F%92%8A-interazioni-farmacologiche%3A\" data-source-line=\"338-338\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e💊 Drug Interactions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"340-343\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"340-340\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntiepileptic drugs\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate): possible reduction in effectiveness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"341-341\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemotherapeutics\u003c\/strong\u003e: glutamine could theoretically fuel tumor cell growth (controversial, consult oncologist)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"342-343\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunosuppressants\u003c\/strong\u003e: possible interference with therapy (organ transplants)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%E2%9A%95%EF%B8%8F-quando-consultare-il-medico%3A\" data-source-line=\"344-344\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e⚕️ When to Consult the Doctor:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"345-350\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"345-345\"\u003ePre-existing neurological, hepatic or renal pathologies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"346-346\"\u003eUse of antiepileptic or chemotherapy drugs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"347-347\"\u003ePregnancy, breastfeeding or pregnancy planning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"348-348\"\u003eBipolar disorder or history of manic episodes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"349-350\"\u003eDoubts about dosage or interactions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-source-line=\"351-351\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-source-line=\"353-353\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScientific Evidence on Glutamine\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"1%EF%B8%8F%E2%83%A3-glutammina-e-recupero-muscolare\" data-source-line=\"355-355\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1️⃣ Glutamine and Muscle Recovery\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"356-360\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"356-356\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStudy\u003c\/strong\u003e: Legault et al., 2015 -\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eNutrients\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"357-357\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProtocol\u003c\/strong\u003e: 0.3g glutamine\/kg weight (about 21g per 70kg) vs placebo after eccentric exercise\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"358-358\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResult\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-33% muscle pain\u003c\/strong\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+15% recovery of maximum strength\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eat 72h\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"359-360\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c\/strong\u003e: Glutamine effective for reducing DOMS and accelerating recovery\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"2%EF%B8%8F%E2%83%A3-glutammina-e-sistema-immunitario\" data-source-line=\"361-361\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2️⃣ Glutamine and Immune System\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"362-366\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"362-362\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStudy\u003c\/strong\u003e: Castell \u0026 Newsholme, 1997 -\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"363-363\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProtocol\u003c\/strong\u003e: 5g glutamine immediately and 2h after marathon\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"364-364\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResult\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eonly 19% infections\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein the glutamine group vs\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e51% in the placebo\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein the 7 days post-race\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"365-366\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c\/strong\u003e: glutamine prevents immunosuppression after intense exercise\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"3%EF%B8%8F%E2%83%A3-glutammina-e-composizione-corporea\" data-source-line=\"367-367\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3️⃣ Glutamine and Body Composition\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"368-372\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"368-368\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStudy\u003c\/strong\u003e: Candow et al., 2001 -\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eNutrition\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"369-369\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProtocol\u003c\/strong\u003e: glutamine (0.9g\/kg weight) + creatine vs placebo during low-calorie diet + training\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"370-370\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResult\u003c\/strong\u003e: glutamine+creatine group\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epreserves lean mass\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ee\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003elose more fat\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(-2.6kg vs -1.2kg)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"371-372\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c\/strong\u003e: glutamine useful in definition to preserve muscles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"4%EF%B8%8F%E2%83%A3-glutammina-e-salute-intestinale\" data-source-line=\"373-373\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4️⃣ Glutamine and Intestinal Health\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"374-377\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"374-374\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStudy\u003c\/strong\u003e: van der Hulst et al., 1993 -\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eLancet\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"375-375\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResult\u003c\/strong\u003e: glutamine\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emaintains intestinal mucosal integrity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ee\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ereduces permeability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein critically ill patients\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"376-377\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplication\u003c\/strong\u003e: gut health support in athletes and people with irritable bowel\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"5%EF%B8%8F%E2%83%A3-glutammina-e-sintesi-proteica\" data-source-line=\"378-378\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5️⃣ Glutamine and Protein Synthesis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"379-382\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"379-379\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStudy\u003c\/strong\u003e: MacLennan et al., 1987 -\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eClinical Science\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"380-380\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResult\u003c\/strong\u003e: glutamine stimulates\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emuscle protein synthesis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003evia cell swelling (cell volumisation)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"381-382\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMechanism\u003c\/strong\u003e: increased intracellular hydration = anabolic signal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"6%EF%B8%8F%E2%83%A3-glutammina-e-performance\" data-source-line=\"383-383\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6️⃣ Glutamine and Performance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"384-387\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"384-384\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStudy\u003c\/strong\u003e: Favano et al., 2008 -\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eJournal of Sports Science \u0026 Medicine\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"385-385\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResult\u003c\/strong\u003e: Glutamine supplementation does not improve\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edirect performance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(strength, power) but\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eimproves recovery\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ee\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ereduces markers of muscle damage\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"386-387\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c\/strong\u003e: glutamine is\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erecovery aid\u003c\/strong\u003e, not direct ergogenic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-source-line=\"388-388\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-source-line=\"390-390\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrequently Asked Questions (FAQ)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"1.-glutammina-cosa-serve-esattamente%3F\" data-source-line=\"392-392\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. What exactly is glutamine for?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"393-393\"\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eglutamine is needed\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003emainly for:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"394-400\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"394-394\"\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMuscle recovery\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003epost-workout\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"395-395\"\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnti-catabolic protection\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(preserves muscles)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"396-396\"\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmune system\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eenhanced\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"397-397\"\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntestinal health\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(main enterocyte fuel)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"398-398\"\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCellular volumization\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(pump and hypertrophy)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"399-400\"\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDetoxification\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efrom ammonia\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"2.-quando-prendere-la-glutammina%3A-prima-o-dopo-l'allenamento%3F\" data-source-line=\"401-401\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. When to take glutamine: before or after training?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"402-402\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAFTER training is a priority\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"403-406\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"403-403\"\u003ePlasma glutamine levels drop by 20-40% after intense workouts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"404-404\"\u003eMaximum cellular receptivity to nutrients\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"405-406\"\u003eBlocks immediate catabolism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"407-407\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptional PRE-workout\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eonly for:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"408-410\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"408-408\"\u003eVery long workouts (\u003e90 min endurance)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"409-410\"\u003eImmune system protection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"411-411\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIdeal\u003c\/strong\u003e: 5g post-workout + possibly 5g upon waking or before bed\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"3.-posso-prendere-glutammina-tutti-i-giorni%3F\" data-source-line=\"413-413\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Can I take glutamine every day?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"414-414\"\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYes\u003c\/strong\u003e, glutamine is safe for continuous daily use:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"415-419\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"415-415\"\u003eStudies up to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6 consecutive months\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewithout side effects\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"416-416\"\u003eIt is a natural amino acid present in the body\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"417-417\"\u003eSafe dose: 5-20g\/day long term\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"418-419\"\u003eSome athletes use it for years without problems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"4.-glutammina-fa-ingrassare%3F\" data-source-line=\"420-420\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Does Glutamine make you fat?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"421-421\"\u003e❌\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo\u003c\/strong\u003e, glutamine\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eit doesn't make you fat\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"422-426\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"422-422\"\u003eAlone\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20 kcal per 5g\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(practically zero)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"423-423\"\u003eIt contains no carbohydrates or fats\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"424-424\"\u003eThe added \"weight\" is\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eintracellular water\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(cell swelling) = muscle volume, not fat\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"425-426\"\u003eActually\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecan help you lose fat\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003epreserving lean mass (high metabolism)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"5.-differenza-tra-glutammina-e-bcaa%3F\" data-source-line=\"427-427\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Difference between glutamine and BCAA?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"428-428\"\u003eI am\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecomplementary\u003c\/strong\u003e, not alternatives:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"430-430\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBCAAs\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(leucine, isoleucine, valine):\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"431-434\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"431-431\"\u003eThey stimulate\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eprotein synthesis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edirectly (via M-TOR)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"432-432\"\u003eEnergy during training\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"433-434\"\u003eIdeals\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eintra\/post-workout\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"435-435\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlutamine\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"436-440\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"436-436\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRecovery\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand tissue repair\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"437-437\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune system\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand intestine\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"438-438\"\u003eEffect\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eanticatabolic\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand cell swelling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"439-440\"\u003eIdeal\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epost-workout\/pre-bedtime\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"441-441\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptimal stack\u003c\/strong\u003e: BCAA intra-workout + Glutamine post-workout\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"6.-posso-combinare-glutammina-con-creatina%3F\" data-source-line=\"443-443\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Can I combine glutamine with creatine?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"444-444\"\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYes, HIGHLY RECOMMENDED!\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eI am\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esynergistic\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"445-448\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"445-445\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCreatine\u003c\/strong\u003e: ATP energy, force, cell volume (intracellular water)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"446-446\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGlutamine\u003c\/strong\u003e: recovery, anticatabolism, cell swelling, immunity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"447-448\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTogether\u003c\/strong\u003e: enhanced volumizing effect, optimal recovery, maximized lean mass\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"449-449\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow to use\u003c\/strong\u003e: 5g glutamine + 3-5g creatine in the same post-workout shaker with carbohydrates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"7.-glutammina-%C3%A8-vegana%3F\" data-source-line=\"451-451\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Is Glutamine vegan?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"452-452\"\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYes\u003c\/strong\u003e, Glutamine Pure 100% Bigman Kiowa® is:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"453-457\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"453-453\"\u003eObtained from\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebacterial fermentation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(not from animal sources)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"454-454\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for vegans and vegetarians\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"455-455\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCertifications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Halal, Kosher\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"456-457\"\u003eZero animal ingredients\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"8.-quanto-tempo-ci-vuole-per-vedere-i-risultati%3F\" data-source-line=\"458-458\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. How long does it take to see results?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"459-459\"\u003eIt depends on the goal:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"460-465\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"460-460\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDOMS recovery\u003c\/strong\u003e: I'll come in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3-7 days\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(pain reduction)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"461-461\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune system\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2-4 weeks\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(fewer ailments)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"462-462\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell swelling\/pump\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1-2 weeks\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(muscle volume)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"463-463\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePreservation of mass in cut\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4-6 weeks\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(scale and mirror)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"464-465\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIntestinal health\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4-8 weeks\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(symptoms improved)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"9.-glutammina-ha-effetti-collaterali%3F\" data-source-line=\"466-466\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. Does glutamine have any side effects?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"467-467\"\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGenerally well tolerated\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein healthy people:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"468-471\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"468-468\"\u003ePossible mild effects: abdominal swelling, diarrhea (high doses \u003e30g\/day)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"469-469\"\u003eRare: headache, nausea (individual sensitivity)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"470-471\"\u003eContraindicated: epilepsy, bipolar disorder, severe hepatic insufficiency\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"472-472\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI recommend\u003c\/strong\u003e: start with 5g\/day and increase gradually\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"10.-meglio-glutammina-in-polvere-o-capsule%3F\" data-source-line=\"474-474\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10. Is glutamine powder or capsules better?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"475-475\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePowder (like this) is superior\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"476-480\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"476-476\"\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFlexible dosing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(5-10-15g easily)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"477-477\"\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost per dose\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003emuch lower\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"478-478\"\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbsorption\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eslightly faster (already in solution)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"479-480\"\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePracticality\u003c\/strong\u003e: mix with protein shakers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"481-481\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCapsules\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ethey are:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"482-485\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"482-482\"\u003eMore practical on the go\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"483-483\"\u003eBut you need 10+ capsules for 5g (inconvenient)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"484-485\"\u003eMore expensive for the same glutamine\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-source-line=\"486-486\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-source-line=\"488-488\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging Information\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%F0%9F%93%A6-formato%3A\" data-source-line=\"490-490\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e📦 Format:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"491-495\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"491-491\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e300 grams\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof micronized powder\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"492-492\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e60 servings\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(5g dose)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"493-493\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMeasuring cup included\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(5g)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"494-495\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDuration\u003c\/strong\u003e: 2 months (1 dose\/day) or 1 month (2 doses\/day)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%F0%9F%8F%86-certificazioni-kiowa%C2%AE%3A\" data-source-line=\"496-496\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🏆 Kiowa® certifications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"497-503\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"497-497\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGMP\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(Good Manufacturing Practice)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"498-498\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHalal\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecertified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"499-499\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eKosher\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecertified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"500-500\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduction\u003c\/strong\u003e: Japan (highest quality standards)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"501-501\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003e99.5% L-Glutamine\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"502-503\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin\u003c\/strong\u003e: bacterial fermentation (non-animal, non-synthetic)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%F0%9F%87%AA%F0%9F%87%B8-produzione%3A\" data-source-line=\"504-504\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🇪🇸 Production:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"505-509\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"505-505\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBrands\u003c\/strong\u003e: Bigman Nutrition (Spain)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"506-506\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRaw material\u003c\/strong\u003e: Kiowa® (Japan)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"507-507\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging\u003c\/strong\u003e: Spain\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"508-509\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLot and expiration\u003c\/strong\u003e: printed on packaging\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%E2%99%BB%EF%B8%8F-packaging%3A\" data-source-line=\"510-510\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e♻️ Packaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"511-515\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"511-511\"\u003eResealable freshness-saving jar\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"512-512\"\u003eLabel with complete information in Italian\/English\/Spanish\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"513-513\"\u003eMeasuring cup included inside\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"514-515\"\u003eAnti-tampering seal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-source-line=\"516-516\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-source-line=\"518-518\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhy Buy on Wellfitstore.com\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%E2%9C%85-prodotti-bigman-nutrition-originali-al-100%25\" data-source-line=\"520-520\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e✅ 100% Original Bigman Nutrition Products\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"521-521\"\u003eWe are\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eauthorized resellers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e- authenticity guaranteed. Each package is traceable with verifiable batch and expiry date. Zero risk of counterfeiting.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%F0%9F%9A%9A-spedizione-rapida-in-tutta-italia\" data-source-line=\"523-523\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🚚 Fast shipping throughout Italy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"524-529\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"524-524\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrder processing\u003c\/strong\u003e: within 24-48 working hours\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"525-525\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpress courier\u003c\/strong\u003e: real-time tracking\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"526-526\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery times\u003c\/strong\u003e: 2-5 working days\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"527-527\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSafe packaging\u003c\/strong\u003e: anti-impact protection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"528-529\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDiscreet packaging\u003c\/strong\u003e: no external branding\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%F0%9F%92%B3-pagamenti-sicuri-e-protetti\" data-source-line=\"530-530\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e💳 Safe and Secure Payments\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"531-536\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"531-531\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCards\u003c\/strong\u003e: Visa, Mastercard, American Express, Maestro\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"532-532\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePayPal\u003c\/strong\u003e: buyer protection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"533-533\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBank transfer\u003c\/strong\u003e: coordinates via email\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"534-534\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApple Pay \/ Google Pay\u003c\/strong\u003e: quick checkout\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"535-536\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e256-bit SSL encryption\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecertified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%F0%9F%93%9E-assistenza-clienti-dedicata\" data-source-line=\"537-537\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e📞 Dedicated Customer Support\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"538-543\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"538-538\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEmail\u003c\/strong\u003e: info@wellfitstore.com (reply within 24 hours)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"539-539\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLive chat\u003c\/strong\u003e: Mon-Fri 9:00-18:00\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"540-540\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTelephone\u003c\/strong\u003e: personalized consultancy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"541-541\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWhatsApp Business\u003c\/strong\u003e: Quick support\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"542-543\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFree advice\u003c\/strong\u003e: dosages, timing, stack\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%E2%9C%A8-garanzia-soddisfatti-o-rimborsati\" data-source-line=\"544-544\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e✨ Money Back Guarantee\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"545-550\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"545-545\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e30 days\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eto change your mind\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"546-546\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMade easy\u003c\/strong\u003e: simplified online procedure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"547-547\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFull refund\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewithin 7-10 days\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"548-548\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUnopened product\u003c\/strong\u003e: 100% refund\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"549-550\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpened product\u003c\/strong\u003e: case-by-case evaluation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%F0%9F%8E%81-vantaggi-clienti-wellfitstore\" data-source-line=\"551-551\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🎁 Wellfitstore Customer Benefits\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-source-line=\"552-557\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"552-552\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLoyalty Program\u003c\/strong\u003e: points on every purchase\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"553-553\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExclusive discounts\u003c\/strong\u003e: offers reserved for registered customers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"554-554\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eVIP Newsletter\u003c\/strong\u003e: previews, discount codes, guides\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"555-555\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eVerified reviews\u003c\/strong\u003e: real opinions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-source-line=\"556-557\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBirthday reward\u003c\/strong\u003e: birthday discount\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"%F0%9F%93%8A-perch%C3%A9-ci-scelgono%3A\" data-source-line=\"558-558\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e📊 Why They Choose Us:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"559-564\"\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+15,000 customers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esatisfied\u003cbr\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.9\/5 stars\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(3,200+ reviews)\u003cbr\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOfficial partners\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eBigman, Yamamoto, Beverly, NOW Foods\u003cbr\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFast shipping\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(98% on-time)\u003cbr\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompetitive prices\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExcellent support\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-source-line=\"566-566\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-source-line=\"568-568\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"570-570\"\u003eIf you wondered\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\"what is glutamine for\"\u003c\/strong\u003e, now you have the complete answer:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlutamine Pure 100% Bigman\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith certification\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKiowa®\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis the essential supplement for:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"572-579\"\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMuscle recovery\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eaccelerated post-workout\u003cbr\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnti-catabolic protection\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein definition\u003cbr\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmune system\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eenhanced\u003cbr\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntestinal health\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eoptimized\u003cbr\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCellular volumization\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor pump and hypertrophy\u003cbr\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCertified quality\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eKiowa® (Japan)\u003cbr\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100% pure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e- zero additives\u003cbr\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVegan\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e- from bacterial fermentation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"581-581\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIt's not just glutamine - it's the scientific answer to recovery, growth and health.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"583-583\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e300g = 60 doses. Kiowa® quality. Halal\/Kosher certifications. Suitable for vegans.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-source-line=\"585-585\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-source-line=\"587-587\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e🛒 Buy Now on Wellfitstore.com\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"589-589\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e👉 www.wellfitstore.com\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"591-595\"\u003e📦\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e300g = 60 servings\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e🏆\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Glutamine Kiowa® 100%\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e💧\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5g per dose\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e🌱\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVegan\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(bacterial fermentation)\u003cbr\u003e✅\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGMP, Halal, Kosher certified\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-source-line=\"597-598\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFast shipping | Secure payment | Money back guarantee\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e📧\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003einfo@wellfitstore.com\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"BIG MAN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56876446351743,"sku":"ELOmPUptsNgLrJk0S","price":21.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0693\/1336\/4227\/files\/https-_www.bigman.es_en_product-page_glutamine-pure-100-300g.avif?v=1769937675","url":"https:\/\/wellfitstore.com\/en\/products\/pure-l-glutamine-100-kiowa-300g-bigman","provider":"WELLFITSTORE.COM","version":"1.0","type":"link"}